For Iñui… Tundra vegetation change near Barrow, Alaska (1972-2010). Walker Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093-0244, U.S.A. Fratercula cirrhata (Tufted Puffin) Fratercula corniculata (Horned Puffin) Basic Info. A horned puffin in flight. In 1849 William Pullen rounded it in two whale boats after sending two larger boats back west because of the ice. natural vegetation (NAT) or anthropologically disturbed (DIS). Contents of plot environmental data. Site moisture. dry (DRY), moist (MST), wet (WET), aquatic/emergent (AQU), unknown (not recorded) (N). CAFF Proceedings Report #11. Area of the relevé (m2). The nature and appropriateness, to the Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA), of data sets gathered using the Webber plant community sampling method. Forty-three (43) plots were assessed for estimated percent land cover by species and plot data including moisture, topographic position, slope, aspect, shape, and soil data. ANPP, BNPP, and TNPP values reported in ORNL data sets. Barrow weather averages and climate Barrow, Alaska. Tweedie, C. E.2013. The database contains vegetation plots from homogeneous plant communities with tables of cover or cover-abundance scores for all species and accompanying environmental site data. Environmental characterization data for research plots. Point Barrow. Monthly averages Barrow Longitude: -156.789, Latitude: 71.2906 Average weather Barrow, AK - 99723. 2013, Walker and Raynolds 2011). [8] There are also burial mounds in the area, at the nearby Birnirk Site, associated with the earlier Birnirk culture, a pre-Thule culture first identified in 1912 by Vilhjalmur Stefansson while excavating in the area. square (S), rectangle (R), linear/band-forming (L), circular (O), irregular (I), more subplots combined (C), unknown (not-recorded) (N). Webber, P. J. and D. C. Ebert. State/territory: Alaska (study sites around Barrow), Spatial Resolution: Point resolution. 9) Wet Carex aquatilis-Eriophorum russeolum meadow (8 plots). Environmental Research Letters 7: 015508. Temperature for the warmest months in the arctic tundra ranges from 3-12° C (37- 57° F). A region of tundra > 200,000 km2 in area, the arctic slope of Alaska has continuous permafrost, snow cover for 7-9 mo each year, and low relief (Britton 1966). Everett, P.J. In Vegetation and Production Ecology of … These trends are probably caused by a combination of increases in spring and summer NPP [Keeling et al., 1996; Randerson et al., 1999], increasing rates of soil respiration during fall, winter and spring [Chapin et al., 2012) and as part of a synthesis of the larger IPY Back to the Future project (Callaghan et al. Tundra ecology. Column headings include the plot identifiers. 1980. 0000004474 00000 n The accident occurred 15 miles southwest of Utqiagvik (Barrow), a planned stop on their trip from … Species Data -- Presence and cover. The Barrow IBP vegetation plot data have been extensively analyzed, updated, and published. Alaska's Ecosystems Alaska is the largest and least densely populated state in the country, with a reputation for scenic grandeur and bountiful fish and wildlife. Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra. The Iñupiat do not hunt gray whales and joined in rescue operations which also involved Soviet icebreakers.[3]. The water around it is normally ice-free for two or three months a year, but this was not the experience of the early explorers. Natur., Publ. Pages 186-218 in Brown, J. et al., editors. nasa-ornldaac-580 NPP Tundra: Point Barrow, Alaska, 1970-1972, R1. Ambio 40:705-716. Plot data reported in *_Single_Plots_1972.csv are for 10 plots not relocated in 1999 for repeated measurements. Subjective assessment of floristic quality by the party that submitted the plot. For United States, the code is US. These files contain species cover data for the vegetation plots. Spatial Coverage: Barrow, Alaska. IPY Back to the Future (BTF): Re-sampling old research sites to assess change in high latitude terrestrial ecosystem structure and function. The mean average temperature vary according to location, with temperatures of -12° C (10° F) in Point Barrow, Alaska located at (71.3 ° N) to -28° C (-18° F) at the Northern region of Greenland (71° N). Murray. 2018. Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Single_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_1999.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_2008.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_2010.csv. It reported 152 residents, of which 143 were Native, 8 were "other race" and 1 was White. 1) Taking photographs of the general site. Omissions? Group of Inuits of America's Arctic coastline who came to visit the camp of the Canadian explorer Vilhjalmur Stefanson, near Point Barrow. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, U.S.A. Webber, P. J., P. C. Miller, F. S. Chapin III, and B. H. McCown. Climate data in this data set are from the weather station at Barrow, Alaska (71.30 N 156.78 W) at an elevation of 31 m. The study plots for biomass measurements in 1970-1971 were 6 m x 6 m in size. Necessary for judgements on ‘edge effects’. In sections of tundra that occur in proximity to the oceans or large bodies of water. 4) Field observation of soil texture and horizon depth. Taxa are listed in alphabetical order according to the accepted PASL name. Major cities in the tundra of Alaska include: -Nome -Point Hope -Barrow -Kaktovik Major landmarks in the tundra of Alaska include: -Wood Tikchik is the largest State Park -Mount McKinley -Soldier's Summit Keeling, S.C. Piper, A.F. past six decades near Barrow Alaska. There is also a companion file with plot photos documenting multiple sampling events. Species cover data are from Tweedie (2013). Data for functional type percent covers for 2010 only. The decrease in biomass in 2008 occurred during a lemming population peak. As a contribution to the IBP, Webber ( 1978 ) described eight plant communities comprised of similar dominant species that differed in their abundance between communities. The term Point Barrow whales refers to gray whales that were trapped in the ice at Point Barrow in 1988, which attracted attention from the public worldwide. This is due to the extreme heat. Webber, P. J. Mission. 2014. Just west of the Alaska Airlines terminal at Ahkovak and Momegana Streets, is the Will Rogers and Wiley Post Monument. Occupation continued into the 1940s. Sampling of soils for laboratory analyses of pH. doi:10.5065/D6XS5SD1. Here’s another unique opportunity: To see the very northernmost point in the U.S. You can take a full-day tour to experience this rugged outpost. [7] It did not report in 1900, but appeared again from 1910-1940. Original data from 1972 were classified and community descriptions were published as a report (Webber & Ebert 1973) and as a component of IBP books (Brown et al. 1980). The method consists of recording the composition of vegetation in plots each of which is a linear, contiguous arrangement of ten 1 x 1m quadrats placed in a visually homogeneous patch. There are still summer cabins constructed by locals and used for subsistence hunting and fishing in this area. Aspect of relevé (degrees). This data set provides vegetation cover and environmental plot data collected as part of the International Biological Program (IBP), U. S. Tundra Biome Program, in Barrow, Alaska in 1972. 1) is situated near Barrow, Alaska (71018'N, 156042'W). Included data files and companion file. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. There is also a companion file with plot photos, often these photos document multiple sampling events. Country code generated by Turboveg. Puffins belong to the Alcid family, a group of diving birds that swim underwater using their wings for propulsion and their feet for steering. Current Taxonomy according to the Panarctic Species List (PASL) without authors names, PASL_TAXON_SCIENTIFIC_NAME_WITH_AUTHOR(S), Current Taxonomy according to the Panarctic Species List (PASL), 1972-206 - 1972-1325 (33 repeated measurement plots for years 1972, 1999, 2008, and 2010), ----------------------------------------------------------------, 1972-315 - 1972-1326 (10 single measurement plots, measured in 1972 only). (DAAC). T. V., C. E. Tweedie, J. Ackerman, C. Andrews, J. Bergstedt, et al. At Barrow the sun remains above the horizon from 10 May until 2 August, yet the summer climate The 10-cm strip is used for cover assessment and the 90-cm sub-plot for species presence. In 1999, 2008, and 2010, 33 of the same plots were resampled for these same measures as part of the IPY "Back to the Future: Resampling old research sites to assess changes in high latitude terrestrial ecosystem structure and function" project. Turboveg data dictionary: http://geobotanical.portal.gina.alaska.edu/plot-archive/turboveg-table. In the early 1950s investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey (Brewer 1958) demonstrated the influence of lakes, ocean and buildings on near-surface permafrost temperature regimes and illustrated the characteristic zero curtain during the annual freeze-thaw cycles of 1951 and 1952. The name was first recorded, by colonizers, in 1853 as "Ot-ki-a-wing" by Commander Rochfort Maguire, Royal Navy. 3) Field observations of site factors including slope, aspect, and estimates of cover of bare soil, rocks, and the major plant growth forms. Locations of Barrow IBP vegetation plots. (1978) Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the carbohydrate reserve and seasonal nitrogen and phosphorus levels in Dupontia fisheri and Arctogrostis latifolia shoots and rhizomes near Barrow, Alaska. Temporal Resolution: Each plot was sampled once in 1972, 1999, 2008, and 2010. The Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) iis a NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program field campaign that will take place in Alaska and western Canada between 2016 and 2021. Datum is WGS84. McKendrick, J. D., V. Ott and G. A. Mitchell. Lara M. J, S. Villarreal, D. R. Johnson, R. D. Hollister, P. J. Webbe and C. E. Tweedie. In Barrow, the summers are very cold; the winters are long, frigid, dry, and windy; and it is overcast year round. The Tundra Biome aquatic site (Fig. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1535. Point Barrow is an important geographical landmark, mark… The "Shooting Station" is located a few miles southwest of Point Barrow. Temperature for the warmest months in the arctic tundra ranges from 3-12° C (37- 57° F). The desert biome is a very dry area, with very little amounts of plants and animals. 2012.Multi-Decadal Changes in Tundra Environments and Ecosystems: The International Polar Year-Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF). Even before the climate changes of the past decade, sea ice near Barrow has rarely been a solid, unbroken sheet stretching to the limitless horizon. Scientists say the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet, and former North Slope Borough Mayor Edward Itta has called Utqiagvik “ground zero for climate-change science.” flat elevated plain (includes plateaus and elevated river terraces) (EL_PLN); hill crest (CRST); shoulder (SHLD); backslope (BACK); footslope (includes toeslopes) (FOOT); flat low plain (LW_PLN); riparian zone (includes active floodplains, drainage channels, water tracks) (RIPZN); lake or pond (LAKE). Table 3. Examples include: An updated classification and change analysis is provided in Villarreal et al. U.S. International Biological Program, Washington DC Tundra Biome Data Report 73-22. It is the northernmost point of all the territory of the United States, at 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W / 71.38889°N 156.47917°W / 71.38889; -156.47917 (Point Barrow)Coordinates: 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W / 71.38889°N 156.47917°W / 71.38889; -156.47917 (Point Barrow), 1,122 nautical miles (1,291 mi; 2,078 km) south of the North Pole. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Spatial and temporal variation of the vegetation and its production, Barrow, Alaska. Point Barrow is an important geographical landmark, marking the limit between two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Chukchi Sea to the west and the Beaufort Sea to the east.[1]. On the flip side, the northerly U.S. city called Point Barrow, experiences annual precipitation levels of 4.3 inches. highest (1), high (2), high but incomplete (3), moderate (4), moderate and incomplete (5), low (6). A gateway to the Arctic ocean, the history in this part of the world dates back to 500 AD … Point Barrow or Nuvuk is a headland on the Arctic coast in the U.S. state of Alaska, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow). ANPP, BNPP, and TNPP values reported in ORNL data sets. ISBN: 978-9935-431-29-5. Documentation Revision Date: These areas of open water, called leads, are favorite places for sea mammals to congregate, as they provide areas to surface and breathe and to haul out and feed. Subjective assessment of taxonomic quality of the cryptogam data by the party that submitted the plot. The lack of trees is due to the lack of rain in the area. 1973. Will change over time. 2012.Estimated change in tundra ecosystem function near Barrow, Alaska between 1972 and 2010.Environmental Research Letters 7:015507 Accuracy of georeference as recorded by GPS (m). Relevé number in the species table in the reference for species data. Point Barrow first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the unincorporated Inuit village of "Kokmullit" (AKA Nuwuk). Point Barrow, northernmost point of Alaska, U.S., situated on the Arctic Ocean.Archaeological evidence dates human habitation (by Inupiaq Eskimos) in the area from about 500 ce.The headland was explored in 1826 by Frederick W. Beechey and named for Sir John Barrow, British promoter of Arctic exploration; its Inupiaq name is Ukpeagvik, meaning “Place Where Owls Are Hunted.” Refer to reference to determine methods used. It has not reported separately since. State/territory: Alaska (study sites around Barrow) Grid cells: Ahh1Avv0Bh2Bv1. Ecology 56(2): 401-409. The Borough works with the tribes, cities, corporations, schools, and businesses to support a strong culture, encourage families and employees to choose a healthy lifestyle, and sustain a vibrant economy. Nome’s precipitation levels hit 18.4 inches. McKendrick, J. D., V. Ott and G. A. Mitchell. 1980, Webber 1978, Webber et al. John Simpson's native map dated 1855, records the name "Otkiawik," which was misprinted on the subsequent British Admiralty Chart as "Otkiovik." Ecological investigations of the tundra biome in the Prudhoe Bay region, Alaska. An Arctic ecosystem: the coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Each site is divided into 10 sub-plots in which species percent cover is visually estimated in the 1m x 10-cm strip and species presence in the 1-m x 90-cm sub-plot. One file (.csv format) provides above- and below-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) data for a wet arctic tundra meadow (Biome research site 2, Dupontia meadow, vegetation type V) studied from 1970 to 1971 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA, (71.30 N -156.67 W Elevation 5 m). You’ll also get to see the site of the old village of Nuvuk, which was occupied 1,000 years before the arrival of the first Europeans and is now an important archaeological site. If data were not collected using the relevé method, specify collection method and source. The vegetation plot data provided are summaries of the ten 1 x 1-m sub-plots. The IBP study area was active between 1970 and 1973, and focused on a study area near Barrow, Alaska at the northernmost point on the Alaskan Coastal Plain (71°18'N 156°40'W) in close proximity to both the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Temporal Coverage: 1972-08-01 2010-08-01. If source differs, approximate accuracy (m). Tieszen, L. L. (1978) Photosynthesis in the principal Barrow, Alaska, species: A summary of field and laboratory responses. 2. Archive Center Run at Point Barrow in April 2019 2012, Villarreal et al. GPS (GPS), Google Earth (GE), map (MAP), aerial photograph (PHOTO), None (NONE). These data columns and descriptions are identical to the header data in the Turboveg database. Latitude (decimal degrees). 1) is situated near Barrow, Alaska (71018'N, 156042'W). 1980, Webber 1978, Webber et al. Seedless vascular plant (ferns, horsetails, club mosses) cover (%). The Barrow vegetation plots were originally described and mapped by Dr. Patrick J. Webber in 1972 as part of the International Biological Program (IBP). The North Slope Borough is committed to having healthy communities, economically, spiritually and culturally. highest (1), high (2), high but incomplete (3), moderate (4), moderate and incomplete (5), low (6). Arctic Vegetation Plots for IBP Tundra Biome, Barrow, Alaska, 1972-2010. Point Barrow, a headland nine miles from town, is where the Chukchi and Beaufort seas meet. Annual precipitation levels can reach 20 inches. Point Barrow. 6) Dry Salix rotundifolia heath (6 plots). The Pre-ABoVE vegetation plot datasets were curated to create the Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-AK; Walker et al. Bollenbacher and J.S. Floristic diversity near Barrow (ca. One file (.csv format) provides above- and below-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) data for a wet arctic tundra meadow (Biome research site 2, Dupontia meadow, vegetation type V) studied from 1970 to 1971 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA, (71.30 N -156.67 W Elevation 5 m). Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment (LBA-ECO), Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research Project (OTTER), Southern African Regional Science Initiative Project (SAFARI 2000), Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), Vegetation-Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP II), Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project (TransCom), Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS), Atmospheric Carbon and Transport - America (ACT-America), Accelerated Canopy Chemistry Program (ACCP), Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), http://geobotanical.portal.gina.alaska.edu/plot-archive/turboveg-table, http://agc.portal.gina.alaska.edu/catalogs/10178-alaska-arctic-vegetation-archive-barrow-vegeta. The city's native name, Utqiaġvik, refers to a place for gathering wild roots. - point barrow ak biome -

Data set. Also known as Barrow, Utqiaġvik is the northern most settlement in US Alaska. One file (.csv format) provides above- and below-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) data for a wet arctic tundra meadow (Biome research site 2, Dupontia meadow, vegetation type V) studied from 1970 to 1971 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA, (71.30 N -156.67 W Elevation 5 m). Direct link to the plot archive record in the Arctic Geoecological Atlas: http://agc.portal.gina.alaska.edu/catalogs/10178-alaska-arctic-vegetation-archive-barrow-vegeta. Photos of Plot 1319 during repeated measurements. Table number(s) in which species data occur in the reference for species data. Aspect is measured counterclockwise in degrees from 0 (due north) to 360 (again due north, coming full circle). The location has been home to the Iñupiat, an Indigenous Inuit ethnic group, for more than 1,500 years. Broad categories: gravel (GRV), sand (SND), silt (SLT), clay (CLY), loam (LOM), organic (if no mineral soil within the active layer) (ORG). so named because between 1965 and 1972 it was a launch site for Nike-Cajun and Nike Apache sounding rockets. The savanna biome is basically grassland with very few trees. The North Slope of Alaska (NSA) atmospheric observatory is providing data about cloud and radiative processes at high latitudes. NSF Arctic Data Center. Productivity of a coastal tundra was studied from 1970 to 1972 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA. Will specify the source of the name in the previous field. Datum is WGS84. The Tundra Biome’s intensive study site is situ- ated on the open tundra approximately 3 km. relevé (R), other (O). 1978. These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active NPP Tundra: Point Barrow, Alaska, 1970-1972, R1 This data set contains three data files. (The northernmost point on the North American mainland, Murchison Promontoryin Canada, is 40 miles (64 km) farther north.) 2. [5] All 200 residents were Inuit. 1973). Download this stock image: . Syntaxon name according to the Braun-Blanquet School. The Borough works with the tribes, cities, corporations, schools, and businesses to support a strong culture, encourage families and employees to choose a healthy lifestyle, and sustain a vibrant economy. Turboveg record number sequentially assigned during data entry. 1980). The traditional name was voted back in 2016 to support the preservation of the Inupiaq language. In 1999, 2008, and 2010, 33 of the same plots were resampled for these same measures as part of the “IPY Back to the Future: Resampling old research sites to assess changes in high latitude terrestrial ecosystem structure and function project”. This field is necessary as raw environmental data is often not included in the main publication. The Vegetation Pattern and Succession. 2011). The Alaska North Slope is the region of the U.S. state of Alaska located on the northern slope of the Brooks Range along the coast of two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Chukchi Sea being on the western side of Point Barrow, and the Beaufort Sea on the eastern. That equals 1,167 kilometers or 630 nautical miles. Plot numbers are the same each year. The air distance from Anchorage, Alaska, to Barrow on Point Barrow Headland, Alaska, is 725 miles. Methods for quantifying pH vary. In Vegetation and Production Ecology of … The Tundra Biome aquatic site (Fig. Longitude (decimal degrees). A region of tundra > 200,000 km2 in area, the arctic slope of Alaska has continuous permafrost, snow cover for 7-9 mo each year, and low relief (Britton 1966). Table 1. (Y or N). Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive Workshop, Boulder, Colorado, October 14-16, 2013. 1972. In Walker, D.A. Here’s another unique opportunity: To see the very northernmost point in the U.S. You can take a full-day tour to experience this rugged outpost. Point Barrow has been a jumping-off point for many Arctic expeditions, including the Wilkins-Detroit Arctic Expeditions and the April 15, 1928, Eielson-Wilkins flight across the Arctic Ocean to Spitsbergen.

Tieszen, L.L. Has the relevé been sampled more than once? That equals 1,167 kilometersor 630 nautical miles. Domain: Core ABoVE region. Tweedie. Ground-based research and models suggest that release of this carbon as permafrost thaws is going to accelerate global … 2016b, Walker 2013). 2) Survey of vegetation species and quantification of species cover as described above. As a convention, use 360 degrees for north. NPS Photo / R. Lasell. 8) Moist Carex aquatilis-Oncophorus wahlenbergii meadow (4 plots). Mean height of herb layer including graminoids, forbs and dwarf shrubs (cm). Arctic tundra bioclimate zone. Webber, P. J. Nome’s precipitation levels hit 18.4 inches. This data set provides vegetation cover and environmental plot data collected as part of the International Biological Program (IBP), U. S. Tundra Biome Program, in Barrow, Alaska in 1972. Webber, S.F. inland from Barrow at 71 ’ 18’ N., 156’41’ W., and is characterized … Miller, P.C., P.J. (2012) for individual sub-plots. The second file, also in .csv format, provides net primary productivity (NPP) estimates for different plant growth forms for eight … Subzone A (A), Subzone B (B), Subzone C (C), Subzone D (D), Subzone E (E), Treeless Oceanic Boreal (O), Forest-Tundra Transition (FT), Boreal (BO). The mean average temperature vary according to location, with temperatures of -12° C (10° F) in Point Barrow, Alaska located at (71.3 ° N) to -28° C (-18° F) at the Northern region of Greenland (71° N). The air distance from Anchorage, Alaska, to Barrow on PointBarrow Headland, Alaska, is 725 miles. MacLean, Jr., and D.F. Spatial Resolution: Point resolution. Reference from which the environmental data were taken. Author's plot number or code if it differs from the reference for the species table. Scientists estimate that these frozen landscapes store twice as much carbon as is found in the atmosphere. Column name syntax is YYYY-plot number, where YYYY = 1972, 1999, 2008, or 2010. Figure 2. Climate change in the Arctic and Boreal region is unfolding faster than anywhere else on Earth. Webber, P.J., S. Villarreal, and C.E. At Barrow the sun remains above the horizon from 10 May until 2 August, yet the summer climate These sites were resampled by Webber, Craig Tweedie, Robert Hollister, Sandra Villarreal and others in 1999, 2008, and 2010, and assessed for community change by Villarreal as part of the 'IPY Back to the Future: Resampling old research sites to assess changes in high latitude terrestrial ecosystem structure and function project' (NSF Award No. Forty-three (43) plots were assessed for estimated percent land cover by species and plot data including moisture, topographic position, slope, aspect, shape, and soil data. The tundra at Barrow is considered coastal tundra located in the most northern region of North Slope and is characterized by various microtopographic features such as polygons, as well as many ponds and lakes. You’ll also get to see the site of the old village of Nuvuk, which was occupied 1,000 years before the arrival of the first Europeans and is now an important archaeological site. (The northernmost point on the North American mainland, Murchison Promontory in Canada, is 40 miles (64 km) farther north.) 0732885). See companion file Barrow_Tundra_Veg_Plots_Photographs.pdf. Field estimate of texture at the top of the mineral horizon. Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environemntal_Data_Repeat_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environemntal_Data_Single_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environemntal_Data_Repeat_Plots_1999.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environmental_Data_Repeat_Plots_2008.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environmental_Data_Repeat_Plots_2010.csv. [2] It is immediately adjacent to the Birnirk Site. Note files with either repeated or single measurements. [6] In 1890, it returned as Point Barrow, which also included the Refuge & Whaling Station and native settlements of Nuwuk, Ongovehenok and winter village on "Kugaru" (Inaru) River.


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