A secondary source is generally one or more steps removed from the event or time period and are written or produced after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. Common Citation Errors American Psychological Association guidelines recommend keeping secondary citations to a minimum; if possible, find the primary source and cite that instead.Walden University Writing Center: Secondary Source CitationJon Zamboni began writing professionally in 2010. This is the second video in a two-part tutorial on primary and secondary sources. A secondary source is anything that describes, interprets, evaluates, or analyzes information from primary sources. Secondary sources often offer a review or a critique. If you answer, “yes” to any of the following questions, there is a good chance the source is PRIMARY.Is this a creative work such as a novel, poem, art or music piece created by a firsthand witness of the subject in question?European History You will name the primary source in your text, but the reference and citations will credit the secondary source: According to Culver (2006, as cited in Jones, 2009), learning APA "can be tough, but like any skill, it just takes practice" (p. 23). Literary History Is this source a diary, letter, memoir, autobiography, oral history, or interview of a person with first hand experience of the subject?United States History Synopses and descriptionsof artistic works 3. A secondary source is a reference that quotes or paraphrases ideas and information from another source.
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For instance, when referencing Rogers's adult learning theory, if you did not find the information in Rogers, your citations for the material should be in secondary source format.For example, imagine that you found a quotation from Culver that you wish to use in your text; however, you found this information in Jones and were unable to locate Culver’s original source.
Type their last name first, then a comma followed by their first name.
Did the author personally witness or experience the subject in question?Is this an excerpt from a primary source, such as the constitution or a letter written by a Civil War soldier that has been imbedded in a secondary source, such as a textbook?Remember, secondary sources may include reprints of primary sources.Answer the questions below about your source. In addition, the mastery of APA increases an author's chance of scoring well on an assignment (Culver, 2006, as cited in Jones, 2009).Citing a source within a source (citing a secondary source) is generally acceptable within academic writing as long as these citations are kept to a minimum.
Secondary Sources Explore an unmatched collection of premier analytical titles. Secondary Legal Source Westlaw Edge. Does the author know about this subject because of personal experience rather than having just read about it?Oral History rights in the USIs this a compilation of raw scientific data or statistics, such as census statistics published by the U.S. Census Bureau, that is being published without commentary or interpretation?original documents such as diaries, letters, original manuscriptsWomen's History Scholarly journals, although generally considered to be secondary sources, often contain articles on very specific subjects and may be the primary source of information on new developments. archival material, such as official documents, minutes, etc. If the year of publication of the primary source is known, also include it in the text citation. Art Crime and Punishment
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However, the reference list needs to include only the secondary source, not the primary source. Books, articles and documentariesthat synthesize information on a topic 2. In the text of your paper, you should mention the original source in the sentence, followed by a parenthetical citation with the secondary source's information. Primary sources can be original documents (such as letters, speeches, diaries), creative works (such as art, novels, music and film), published materials of the times (newspapers, magazines, memoirs, etc. For this reference, Culver would be the primary source, and Jones would be the secondary source. In scholarship, a secondary source is a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere. Medieval & Renaissance History In the text of your paper, you should mention the original source in the sentence, followed by a parenthetical citation with the secondary source's information. After the year of publication, type the title of the secondary source. A ‘ Secondary Source’ can be defined in two ways: it is anything about a historical event which was created using primary sources, and/or which was one or more stages removed from the time period and the event. Arne Nixon Center for the Study of Children's Literature Music A ‘second hand’ item. In a primary source, an author shares his or her original research—whether it be case study findings, experiment results, interview materials, or clinical observations. Generally speaking, secondary sources are written well after the events that are being researched. There are two types of data that a researcher uses to research something.